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因果關(guān)系處

因果句通常是作者進(jìn)行分析或者得出結(jié)論的地方。英語(yǔ)句子存在前因后果和前果后因，考生一定要弄清楚誰(shuí)導(dǎo)致誰(shuí)。出題者為了考查考生的閱讀能力和邏輯分析能力，經(jīng)常會(huì)把含有因果關(guān)系進(jìn)行顛倒，將“因變成了果、果變成了因”，考生需要注意辨別實(shí)際的因果關(guān)系，防止混淆。表示因果關(guān)系的詞語(yǔ)有：

(1)原因because、because of、so、for、since、as、result from、originate from、derive from; base、basis、reason,、above all、after all等。

【真題回放2007-Text2】

① The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be. ② The test comes primarily in two forms: the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (both come in adult and children's version)。 ③ Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists, although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web. ④ Superhigh scores like vos Savant's are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100. ⑤ Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE)， capture the main aspects of IQ tests.

28. People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as vos Savant's because

[A] the scores are obtained through different computational procedures.

[B] creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized now.

[C] vos Savant's case is an extreme one that will not repeat.

[D] the defining characteristic of IQ tests has changed.

(2)結(jié)果：thus, therefore, consequently, in consequence, as a result; lead to, attribute to, result, consequence, result in, cause等。

【真題回放1997-Text3】

We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves. When do these socially acceptable and apparently constructive uses of a substance become misuses? First of all, most substances taken in excess will produce negative effects such as poisoning or intense perceptual distortions.
Repeated use of a substance can also lead to physical addiction or substance dependence. Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.

61. Physical dependence on certain substances results from ________.

[A] uncontrolled consumption of them over long periods of time

[B] exclusive use of them for social purposes

[C] quantitative application of them to the treatment of diseases

[D] careless employment of them for unpleasant symptoms

(3)有時(shí)候文章中雖然沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)表示因果關(guān)系的標(biāo)志性詞語(yǔ)，但是句與句在邏輯關(guān)系上也存在著因果關(guān)系，這個(gè)時(shí)候考生就需要自己進(jìn)行仔細(xì)判斷和推理。

【真題回放2001-Text2】

There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize access — after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are. More and more governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will be netted together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we've ever had.

56. Governments attach importance to the Internet because it ________.

[A] offers economic potentials

[B] can bring foreign funds

[C] can soon wipe out world poverty

[D] connects people all over the world