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北京外國語大學2011年碩士研究生入學考試試題

招生專業：英漢同聲傳譯科目名稱： 英漢互譯

（考試時間3小時，滿分150分，全部寫在答題紙上，答在試題頁上無效）

一、將下列段落譯為漢語（25分）

It is not a coincidence that the global economy is experiencing the most severe case of unemployment during the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression. Unemployment is highly dependent on economic activity; in fact, growth and unemployment can be thought of as two sides of the same coin: when economic activity is high, more production happens overall, and more people are needed to produce the higher amount of goods and services. And when economic activity is low, firms cut jobs and unemployment rises. In that sense, unemployment iscountercyclical, meaning that it rises when economic growth is low and vice versa.

But unemployment does not fall in lockstep with an increase in growth. It is more common for businesses to first try to recover from a downturn by having the same number of employees do more work or turn out more products—that is, to increase their productivity. Only as the recovery takes hold would businesses add workers. As a consequence, unemployment may start to come down only well after an economic recovery begins. The phenomenon works in reverse at the start of a downturn, when firms would rather reduce work hours, or impose some pay cuts before they let workers go. Unemployment starts rising only if the downturn is prolonged. Because unemployment follows growth with a delay, it is called alagging indicatorof economic activity. (228 words)

二、將下列短文譯為漢語（50分）

Centuries ago, while Europe, Africa and the Americas were third-world poor, China was not only the most populated, wealthiest, and most sophisticated country in Asia, but on the planet. “The Travels of Marco Polo,” published in 1295, told astonishing tales of enormous banquet rooms with a thousand seats, walls studded with precious stones, and consumers using paper money to purchase mass-printed books from well-stocked bookstores. In Europe, monks hand-copied books while in China thousands of bestsellers rolled off modern printing presses. China’s iron manufacturing industry produced one hundred twenty-five thousand tons a year—an amount not equaled the West until the twentieth century. Cast iron, the crank handle, deep drilling for natural gas, the belt drive, the fishing reel, chess, matches, brandy, gunpowder, playing cards, the spinning wheel, the umbrella, and countless other inventions—such were the products of China’s inventive genius.

Europeans would eventually borrow Chinese innovations like the plow and experience an agricultural revolution. Similarly, literacy spread as the Europeans exploited paper and printing, both Chinese inventions. The European industrial revolution was built atop Chinese technology.

It seems profoundly difficult for American leaders to acknowledge some sort of cultural equivalency with the Chinese. The only way the Chinese can succeed, such logic goes, is via underhanded, uncivilized methods. President Obama points the finger at the mandarins running the world’s second largest country, accusing them of manipulating U.S.-China trade. Yet the unspoken truth is that China is expert at doing what the president wants Americans to do: “discovering, creating and building the products that are sold all over the world.” Mr. Obama repeats the canard that China’s remarkable economic success is due to sinister currency deflation. But when the Federal Reserve recently announced it would purchase $600 billion dollars of U.S. treasury securities, the German finance minister observed: “What the U.S. accuses China of doing, the U.S.A. is doing by different means . . . it doesn’t add up when the Americans accuse the Chinese of currency manipulation and then, with the help of their central bank’s printing presses, artificially lower the value of the dollar.”

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* canard：a false report or piece of news

三、將下列段落譯為英語（25分）

20年來，中國頒布實施了100多項政策法規，建立完善了消耗臭氧層物質生產管理、消費管理、產品質量管理和進出口管理制度，形成了以禁止新建、改建、擴建生產線，實施生產、消費、進出口配額許可證制度為核心的法律、法規和政策體系。2010年6月1日開始施行的《消耗臭氧層物質管理條例》，進一步規范了消耗臭氧層物質生產、銷售、使用和進出口等行為，強化了對違法行為的處罰力度，為可持續履約提供了強有力的法律保障。（193字）

四、將下列短文譯為英語（50分）

1992年大年初六，從東莞打工回老家過年的林崇喜老婆給他生了個寶貝兒子。如全家人所愿，老三終于是男孩，雖然被村委會狠狠罰了5000塊錢。家里希望孩子不再像他父母一樣是打工仔，也不是一個面朝黃土背朝天的農民，而是要上大學，做一個讀書人。

阿公阿婆的身體還好，出生后的德才由他們帶著，老兩口帶著孫兒既不寂寞，又讓兒子在外面打工沒有后顧之憂。德才的兩個姐姐也由阿公阿婆帶著，他們就是典型的“留守兒童”。德才出生的時候村里的田地早已在1980年聯產承包責任制的時候分完了，因此，德才是一個沒有田地的農民。崇喜兩口子外出后家里沒有了壯勞力，林家的3畝2分地也就租給別人種了，同時，崇喜每半年從東莞寄回來的生活費足夠三小兩老的日常開支。全家的最大希望是等賺了大錢，把孩子都接到城里。(325字)