自然失業(yè)率指充分就業(yè)下的失業(yè)率。自然失業(yè)率即是一個不會造成通貨膨脹的失業(yè)率(Non-accelerating Inflation Rate of Unemployment,NAIRU ),也是勞動市場處于供求穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)的失業(yè)率。從整個經濟看來,任何時候都會有一些正在尋找工作的人,經濟學家把在這種情況下的失業(yè)稱為自然失業(yè)率,所以,經濟學家對自然失業(yè)率的定義,有時被稱作"充分就業(yè)狀態(tài)下的失業(yè)率",有時也被稱作無加速通貨膨脹下的失業(yè)率。
例:America’s capacity utilization, for example, hit historically high levels earlier this year, and its jobless rate (5.6% in August) has fallen bellow most estimates of the natural rate of unemployment -- the rate below which inflation has taken off in the past. (1997年Text5)
真題例句:Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as “steering the economy to a soft landing” or “a touch on the brakes,” makes it sound like a precise science.
真題例句:Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially America’s, have little productive slack.